Cradle: Empowering Foundation Agents towards General Computer Control
Nanyang Technological University · University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences · National Technological University · Peking University · Institute of automation, Chinese academy of science, Chinese Academy of Sciences · Kuaishou Technology · University of Texas at Austin · Xi'an University of Electronic Science and Technology · The University of Hong Kong · The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen · Skywork AI · Singapore Management University · Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence (BAAI)
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摘要
Despite their success in specific scenarios, existing foundation agents still struggle to generalize across various virtual scenarios, mainly due to the dramatically different encapsulations of environments with manually designed observation and action spaces. To handle this issue, we propose the General Computer Control (GCC) setting to restrict foundation agents to interact with software through the most unified and standardized interface, i.e., using screenshots as input and keyboard and mouse actions as output. We introduce Cradle, a modular and flexible LMM-powered framework, as a preliminary attempt towards GCC. Enhanced by six key modules, Information Gathering, Self-Reflection, Task Inference, Skill Curation, Action Planning, and Memory, Cradle is able to understand input screenshots and output executable code for low-level keyboard and mouse control after high-level planning and information retrieval, so that Cradle can interact with any software and complete long-horizon complex tasks without relying on any built-in APIs. Experimental results show that Cradle exhibits remarkable generalizability and impressive performance across four previously unexplored commercial video games (Red Dead Redemption 2, Cities:Skylines, Stardew Valley and Dealer's Life 2), five software applications (Chrome, Outlook, Feishu, Meitu and CapCut), and a comprehensive benchmark, OSWorld. With a unified interface to interact with any software, Cradle greatly extends the reach of foundation agents thus paving the way for generalist agents.