OmniZip: Learning a Unified and Lightweight Lossless Compressor for Multi-Modal Data

摘要

Lossless compression is essential for efficient data storage and transmission. Although learning-based lossless compressors achieve strong results, most of them are designed for a single modality, leading to redundant compressor deployments in multi-modal settings. Designing a unified multi-modal compressor is critical yet challenging, as different data types vary largely in format, dimension, and statistics. Multi-modal large language models offer a promising resolution but remain too complex for practical use. Thus, we propose OmniZip, a unified and lightweight lossless compressor for multi-modal data (like image, text, speech, tactile, database, and gene sequence). Built on a lightweight backbone, OmniZip incorporates three key components to enable efficient multi-modal lossless compression: a modality-unified tokenizer that reversibly transforms diverse data into tokens, a modality-routing context learning mechanism that enables flexible multi-modal context modeling, and a modality-routing feedforward design that further enhances the model's nonlinear representation flexibility. A reparameterization training strategy is used to enhance model capacity. It outperforms or matches other state-of-the-art compressors on multiple modalities, achieving 42%, 57%, 62% and 42%, 53% higher compression efficiency than gzip on CLIC-M, TouchandGo, enwik9, LibriSpeech, and WikiSQL datasets, respectively. It also supports near real-time inference on resource-constrained edge devices, reaching up to 1MB/s on MacBook CPUs and iPhone NPUs. Our code will be released upon acceptance.