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Ba Hung Ngo, Doanh C. Bui, Nhat-Tuong Do-Tran, Tae Jong Choi

The enhanced representational power and broad applicability of deep learning models have attracted significant interest from the research community in recent years. However, these models often struggle to perform effectively under domain shift conditions, where the training data (the source domain) is related to but exhibits different distributions from the testing data (the target domain). To address this challenge, previous studies have attempted to reduce the domain gap between source and target data by incorporating a few labeled target samples during training—a technique known as semi-supervised domain adaptation (SSDA). While this strategy has demonstrated notable improvements in classification performance, the network architectures used in these approaches primarily focus on exploiting the features of individual images, leaving room for improvement in capturing rich representations. In this study, we introduce a Hierarchical Graph of Nodes designed to simultaneously present representations at both feature and category levels. At the feature level, we introduce a local graph to identify the most relevant patches within an image, facilitating adaptability to defined main object representations. At the category level, we employ a global graph to aggregate the features from samples within the same category, thereby enriching overall representations. Extensive experiments on widely used SSDA benchmark datasets, including Office-Home, DomainNet, and VisDA2017, demonstrate that both quantitative and qualitative results substantiate the effectiveness of HiGDA, establishing it as a new state-of-the-art method.

Dezhao Luo, Shaogang Gong, Jiabo Huang, Hailin Jin, Yang Liu

Video moment retrieval (VMR) aims to locate the most likely video moment(s) corresponding to a text query in untrimmed videos. Training of existing methods is limited by the lack of diverse and generalisable VMR datasets, hindering their ability to generalise moment-text associations to queries containing novel semantic concepts (unseen both visually and textually in a training source domain). For model generalisation to novel semantics, existing methods rely heavily on assuming to have access to both video and text sentence pairs from a target domain in addition to the source domain pair-wise training data. This is neither practical nor scalable. In this work, we introduce a more generalisable approach by assuming only text sentences describing new semantics are available in model training without having seen any videos from a target domain. To that end, we propose a Fine-grained Video Editing framework, termed FVE, that explores generative video diffusion to facilitate fine-grained video editing from the seen source concepts to the unseen target sentences consisting of new concepts. This enables generative hypotheses of unseen video moments corresponding to the novel concepts in the target domain. This fine-grained generative video diffusion retains the original video structure and subject specifics from the source domain while introducing semantic distinctions of unseen novel vocabularies in the target domain. A critical challenge is how to enable this generative fine-grained diffusion process to be meaningful in optimising VMR, more than just synthesising visually pleasing videos. We solve this problem by introducing a hybrid selection mechanism that integrates three quantitative metrics to selectively incorporate synthetic video moments (novel video hypotheses) as enlarged additions to the original source training data, whilst minimising potential detrimental noise or unnecessary repetitions in the novel synthetic videos harmful to VMR learning. Experiments on three datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of FVE to unseen novel semantic video moment retrieval tasks

Bin Lu, Xinyu Xiao, Changzhou Zhang, Yang Zhou, Zhiyu Xiang, Hangguan Shan, Eryun Liu

Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) collaborative perception has recently gained increasing attention in autonomous driving due to its ability to enhance scene understanding by integrating information from other collaborators, e.g. vehicles or infrastructure. Existing algorithms usually share deep features to achieve a trade-off between accuracy and bandwidth. However, most of these methods require joint training of all agents, which results in privacy leakage and is impractical and unacceptable in the real world. Sharing prediction results seems to be a direct solution, but its performance is suboptimal and sensitive to localization noise and communication delay. In this paper, we propose a privacy-preserving collaborative perception framework, where each agent is separately trained with its own dataset and the ego vehicle needs to integrate with completely unknown collaborators. Specifically, we propose MSD, a multi-scale feature fusion method combined with deformable attention, to better fuse features of different agents. We also propose a plug-in domain adapter to align the features from unknown collaborators to ego-domain. Extensive experiments on the challenging DAIR-V2X and V2V4Real demonstrate that: 1) MSD achieves remarkable performance, outperforming others by at least 2.8% and 6.7% in AP0.7 on DAIR-V2X and V2V4Real, respectively; 2) After domain adaptation, it significantly outperforms the No Fusion, Late Fusion scenarios and can approach or even surpass the performance of joint training. We truly achieves privacy-preserving collaboration, providing a new paradigm for the study of collaborative perception, which is crucial for practical applications.

Yuti Liu, Shice Liu, Junyuan Gao, Peng-tao Jiang, Hao Zhang, Jinwei Chen, Bo Li

Image Aesthetic Assessment (IAA) is a vital and intricate task that entails analyzing and assessing an image's aesthetic values, and identifying its highlights and areas for improvement. Traditional methods of IAA often concentrate on a single aesthetic task and suffer from inadequate labeled datasets, thus impairing in-depth aesthetic comprehension. Despite efforts to overcome this challenge through the application of Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs), such models remain underdeveloped for IAA purposes. To address this, we propose a comprehensive aesthetic MLLM capable of nuanced aesthetic insight. Central to our approach is an innovative multi-scale text-guided self-supervised learning technique. This technique features a multi-scale feature alignment module and capitalizes on a wealth of unlabeled data in a self-supervised manner to structurally and functionally enhance aesthetic ability. The empirical evidence indicates that accompanied with extensive instruct-tuning, our model sets new state-of-the-art benchmarks across multiple tasks, including aesthetic scoring, aesthetic commenting, and personalized image aesthetic assessment. Remarkably, it also demonstrates zero-shot learning capabilities in the emerging task of aesthetic suggesting. Furthermore, for personalized image aesthetic assessment, we harness the potential of in-context learning and showcase its inherent advantages.

Yuqi Liu, Wenqian Zhang, Sihan Ren, Chengyu Huang, Jingyi Yu, Lan Xu

Sign languages, used by around 70 million Deaf individuals globally, are visual languages that convey visual and contextual information. Current methods in vision-based sign language recognition (SLR) and translation (SLT) struggle with dialogue scenes due to limited dataset diversity and the neglect of contextually relevant information. To address these challenges, we introduce SCOPE (Sign language COntextual Processing with Embedding from LLMs), a novel context-aware vision-based SLR and SLT framework. For SLR, we utilize dialogue contexts through a multi-modal encoder to enhance gloss-level recognition. For subsequent SLT, we further fine-tune a Large Language Model (LLM) by incorporating prior conversational context. We also contribute a new sign language dataset that contains 72 hours of Chinese sign language videos in contextual dialogues across various scenarios. Experimental results demonstrate that our SCOPE framework achieves state-of-the-art performance on multiple datasets, including Phoenix-2014T, CSL-Daily, and our SCOPE dataset. Moreover, surveys conducted with participants from the Deaf community further validate the robustness and effectiveness of our approach in real-world applications. Both our dataset and code will be open-sourced to facilitate further research.

Yulong Liu, Yongqiang Ma, Guibo Zhu, Haodong Jing, Nanning Zheng

Deciphering visual content from fMRI sheds light on the human vision system, but data scarcity and noise limit brain decoding model performance. Traditional approaches rely on subject-specific models, which are sensitive to training sample size. In this paper, we address data scarcity by proposing shallow subject-specific adapters to map cross-subject fMRI data into unified representations. A shared deep decoding model then decodes these features into the target feature space. We use both visual and textual supervision for multi-modal brain decoding and integrate high-level perception decoding with pixel-wise reconstruction guided by high-level perceptions. Our extensive experiments reveal several interesting insights: 1) Training with cross-subject fMRI benefits both high-level and low-level decoding models; 2) Merging high-level and low-level information improves reconstruction performance at both levels; 3) Transfer learning is effective for new subjects with limited training data by training new adapters; 4) Decoders trained on visually-elicited brain activity can generalize to decode imagery-induced activity, though with reduced performance.

Tao Liu, Ziyang Ma, Qi Chen, Feilong Chen, Shuai Fan, Xie Chen, Kai Yu

We present VQTalker, a Vector Quantization-based framework for multilingual talking head generation that addresses the challenges of lip synchronization and natural motion across diverse languages. Our approach is grounded in the phonetic principle that human speech comprises a finite set of distinct sound units (phonemes) and corresponding visual articulations (visemes), which often share commonalities across languages. We introduce a facial motion tokenizer based on Group Residual Finite Scalar Quantization (GRFSQ), which creates a discretized representation of facial features. This method enables comprehensive capture of facial movements while improving generalization to multiple languages, even with limited training data. Building on this quantized representation, we implement a coarse-to-fine motion generation process that progressively refines facial animations. Extensive experiments demonstrate that VQTalker achieves state-of-the-art performance in both video-driven and speech-driven scenarios, particularly in multilingual settings. Notably, our method achieves high-quality results at a resolution of 512 × 512 pixels while maintaining a lower bitrate of approximately 11 kbps. Our work opens new possibilities for cross-lingual talking face generation.

Decheng Liu, Zongqi Wang, Chunlei Peng, Nannan Wang, Ruimin Hu, Xinbo Gao

Due to the successful development of deep image generation technology, forgery detection plays a more important role in social and economic security. Racial bias has not been explored thoroughly in the deep forgery detection field. In the paper, we first contribute a dedicated dataset called the Fair Forgery Detection (FairFD) dataset, where we prove the racial bias of public state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods. Different from existing forgery detection datasets, the self-constructed FairFD dataset contains a balanced racial ratio and diverse forgery generation images with the largest-scale subjects. Additionally, we identify the problems with naive fairness metrics when benchmarking forgery detection models. To comprehensively evaluate fairness, we design novel metrics including Approach Averaged Metric and Utility Regularized Metric, which can avoid deceptive results. We also present an effective and robust post-processing technique, Bias Pruning with Fair Activations (BPFA), which improves fairness without requiring retraining or weight updates. Extensive experiments conducted with 12 representative forgery detection models demonstrate the value of the proposed dataset and the reasonability of the designed fairness metrics. By applying the BPFA to the existing fairest detector, we achieve a new SOTA. Furthermore, we conduct more in-depth analyses to offer more insights to inspire researchers in the community.

Zixi Liang, Guowei Xu, Haifeng Wu, Ye Huang, Wen Li, Lixin Duan

Learning-based methods have become increasingly popular in 3D indoor scene synthesis (ISS), showing superior performance over traditional optimization-based approaches. These learning-based methods typically model distributions on simple yet explicit scene representations using generative models. However, due to the oversimplified explicit representations that overlook detailed information and the lack of guidance from multimodal relationships within the scene, most learning-based methods struggle to generate indoor scenes with realistic object arrangements and styles. In this paper, we introduce a new method, Scene Implicit Neural Field (S-INF), for indoor scene synthesis, aiming to learn meaningful representations of multimodal relationships, to enhance the realism of indoor scene synthesis. S-INF assumes that the scene layout is often related to the object-detailed information. It disentangles the multimodal relationships into scene layout relationships and detailed object relationships, fusing them later through implicit neural fields (INFs). By learning specialized scene layout relationships and projecting them into S-INF, we achieve a realistic generation of scene layout. Additionally, S-INF captures dense and detailed object relationships through differentiable rendering, ensuring stylistic consistency across objects. Through extensive experiments on the benchmark 3D-FRONT dataset, we demonstrate that our method consistently achieves state-of-the-art performance under different types of ISS.

Zhangbin Li, Jinxing Zhou, Jing Zhang, Shengeng Tang, Kun Li, Dan Guo

Answering questions related to audio-visual scenes, i.e., the AVQA task, is becoming increasingly popular. A critical challenge is accurately identifying and tracking sounding objects related to the question along the timeline. In this paper, we present a new Patch-level Sounding Object Tracking (PSOT) method. It begins with a Motion-driven Key Patch Tracking (M-KPT) module, which relies on visual motion information to identify salient visual patches with significant movements that are more likely to relate to sounding objects and questions. We measure the patch-wise motion intensity map between neighboring video frames and utilize it to construct and guide a motion-driven graph network. Meanwhile, we design a Sound-driven KPT (S-KPT) module to explicitly track sounding patches. This module also involves a graph network, with the adjacency matrix regularized by the audio-visual correspondence map. The M-KPT and S-KPT modules are performed in parallel for each temporal segment, allowing balanced tracking of salient and sounding objects. Based on the tracked patches, we further propose a Question-driven KPT (Q-KPT) module to retain patches highly relevant to the question, ensuring the model focuses on the most informative clues. The audio-visual-question features are updated during the processing of these modules, which are then aggregated for final answer prediction. Extensive experiments on standard datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, achieving competitive performance even compared to recent large-scale pretraining-based approaches.

Teng Li, Xingjun Ma, Yu-Gang Jiang

Transferable adversarial examples highlight the vulnerability of deep neural networks (DNNs) to imperceptible perturbations across various real-world applications. While there have been notable advancements in untargeted transferable attacks, targeted transferable attacks remain a significant challenge. In this work, we focus on generative approaches for targeted transferable attacks. Current generative attacks focus on reducing overfitting to surrogate models and the source data domain, but they often overlook the importance of enhancing transferability through additional semantics. To address this issue, we introduce a novel plug-and-play module into the general generator architecture to enhance adversarial transferability. Specifically, we propose a Semantic Injection Module (SIM) that utilizes the semantics contained in an additional guiding image to improve transferability. The guiding image provides a simple yet effective method to incorporate target semantics from the target class to create targeted and highly transferable attacks. Additionally, we propose new loss formulations that can integrate the semantic injection module more effectively for both targeted and untargeted attacks. We conduct comprehensive experiments under both targeted and untargeted attack settings to demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed approach.

Ling Li, Ruiwen Gu, Chongyang Wang, Junliang Xing, Xinchun Yu, Xiao-Ping Zhang

Multi-view 3D human pose estimation (MHPE) is an important research task in computer vision. To maintain consistency during the data collection, hardware synchronization devices are commonly used to connect cameras, ensuring that images from different views are captured simultaneously. However, synchronizing with extra devices has two apparent limitations: the hardware is i) usually expensive and ii) less flexible for deployment in outdoor open scenarios. Suppose the model can improve its tolerance for the time differences in multi-view image capture. In that case, the difficulty and cost of deployment will be greatly reduced, and MHPE will become more widespread. In this paper, we try to answer how to build a model that performs pose estimation directly using ''weakly synchronized images" from multiple views, where the captured images shift from each other within a frame. To this end, we introduce a new multi-view 3D human pose estimation task given weakly synchronized image inputs. Apart from existing well-synchronized datasets, we present the first weakly synchronized dataset comprising 800k images. Thereon, we propose SyncDiffPose, a novel model based on the diffusion method for pose estimation to denoise the error in such data. By combining simple synchronization strategies, e.g., the timer method, our approach can perform pose estimation without hardware calibration.

Kun Li, Dan Guo, Guoliang Chen, Chunxiao Fan, Jingyuan Xu, Zhiliang Wu, Hehe Fan, Meng Wang

Micro-Action Recognition (MAR) has gained increasing attention due to its crucial role as a form of non-verbal communication in social interactions, with promising potential for applications in human communication and emotion analysis. However, current approaches often overlook the inherent ambiguity in micro-actions, which arises from the wide category range and subtle visual differences between categories. This oversight hampers the accuracy of micro-action recognition. In this paper, we propose a novel Prototypical Calibrating Ambiguous Network (PCAN) to unleash and mitigate the ambiguity of MAR. Firstly, we employ a hierarchical action-tree to identify the ambiguous sample, categorizing them into distinct sets of ambiguous samples of false negatives and false positives, considering both body- and action-level categories. Secondly, we implement an ambiguous contrastive refinement module to calibrate these ambiguous samples by regulating the distance between ambiguous samples and their corresponding prototypes. This calibration process aims to pull false negative (FN) samples closer to their respective prototypes and push false positive (FP) samples apart from their affiliated prototypes. In addition, we propose a new prototypical diversity amplification loss to strengthen the model's capacity by amplifying the differences between different prototypes. Finally, we propose a prototype-guided rectification to rectify prediction by incorporating the representability of prototypes. Extensive experiments conducted on the benchmark dataset demonstrate the superior performance of our method compared to existing approaches.

Daxin Li, Yuanchao Bai, Kai Wang, Junjun Jiang, Xianming Liu, Wen Gao

Learned lossless image compression has achieved significant advancements in recent years. However, existing methods often rely on training amortized generative models on massive datasets, resulting in sub-optimal probability distribution estimation for specific testing images during encoding process. To address this challenge, we explore the connection between the Minimum Description Length (MDL) principle and Parameter-Efficient Transfer Learning (PETL), leading to the development of a novel content-adaptive approach for learned lossless image compression, dubbed CALLIC. Specifically, we first propose a content-aware autoregressive self-attention mechanism by leveraging convolutional gating operations, termed Masked Gated ConvFormer (MGCF), and pretrain MGCF on training dataset. Cache then Crop Inference (CCI) is proposed to accelerate the coding process. During encoding, we decompose pretrained layers, including depth-wise convolutions, using low-rank matrices and then adapt the incremental weights on testing image by Rate-guided Progressive Fine-Tuning (RPFT). RPFT fine-tunes with gradually increasing patches that are sorted in descending order by estimated entropy, optimizing learning process and reducing adaptation time. Extensive experiments across diverse datasets demonstrate that CALLIC sets a new state-of-the-art (SOTA) for learned lossless image compression.

Yicheng Leng, Chaowei Fang, Junye Chen, Yixiang Fang, Sheng Li, Guanbin Li

Visible watermark removal which involves watermark cleaning and background content restoration is pivotal to evaluate the resilience of watermarks. Existing deep neural network (DNN)-based models still struggle with large-area watermarks and are overly dependent on the quality of watermark mask prediction. To overcome these challenges, we introduce a novel feature adapting framework that leverages the representation modeling capacity of a pre-trained image inpainting model. Our approach bridges the knowledge gap between image inpainting and watermark removal by fusing information of the residual background content beneath watermarks into the inpainting backbone model. We establish a dual-branch system to capture and embed features from the residual background content, which are merged into intermediate features of the inpainting backbone model via gated feature fusion modules. Moreover, for relieving the dependence on high-quality watermark masks, we introduce a new training paradigm by utilizing coarse watermark masks to guide the inference process. This contributes to a visible image removal model which is insensitive to the quality of watermark mask during testing. Extensive experiments on both a large-scale synthesized dataset and a real-world dataset demonstrate that our approach significantly outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods. The source code is available in the supplementary materials.

Yuxiao Lee, Xiaofeng Cao, Jingcai Guo, Wei Ye, Qing Guo, Yi Chang

The remarkable achievements of Large Language Models (LLMs) have captivated the attention of both academia and industry, transcending their initial role in dialogue generation. To expand the usage scenarios of LLM, some works enhance the effectiveness and capabilities of the model by introducing more external information, which is called the agent paradigm. Based on this idea, we propose a new method that integrates the agent paradigm into out-of-distribution (OOD) detection task, aiming to improve its robustness and adaptability. Our proposed method, Concept Matching with Agent (CMA), employs neutral prompts as agents to augment the CLIP-based OOD detection process. These agents function as dynamic observers and communication hubs, interacting with both In-distribution (ID) labels and data inputs to form vector triangle relationships. This triangular framework offers a more nuanced approach than the traditional binary relationship, allowing for better separation and identification of ID and OOD inputs. Our extensive experimental results showcase the superior performance of CMA over both zero-shot and training-required methods in a diverse array of real-world scenarios.

Maria Larchenko, Alexander Lobashev, Dmitry Guskov, Vladimir Vladimirovich Palyulin

In this work, we introduce Modulated Flows (ModFlows), a novel approach for color transfer between images based on rectified flows. The primary goal of the color transfer is to adjust the colors of a target image to match the color distribution of a reference image. Our technique is based on optimal transport and executes color transfer as an invertible transformation within the RGB color space. The ModFlows utilizes the bijective property of flows, enabling us to introduce a common intermediate color distribution and build a dataset of rectified flows. We train an encoder on this dataset to predict the weights of a rectified model for new images. After training on a set of optimal transport plans, our approach can generate plans for new pairs of distributions without additional fine-tuning. We additionally show that the trained encoder provides an image embedding, associated only with its color style. The presented method is capable of processing 4K images and achieves the state-of-the-art performance in terms of content and style similarity.

Myung-Joon Kwon, Wonjun Lee, Seung-Hun Nam, Minji Son, Changick Kim

Most techniques approach the problem of image forgery localization as a binary segmentation task, training neural networks to label original areas as 0 and forged areas as 1. In contrast, we tackle this issue from a more fundamental perspective by partitioning images according to their originating sources. To this end, we propose Segment Any Forged Image Region (SAFIRE), which solves forgery localization using point prompting. Each point on an image is used to segment the source region containing itself. This allows us to partition images into multiple source regions, a capability achieved for the first time. Additionally, rather than memorizing certain forgery traces, SAFIRE naturally focuses on uniform characteristics within each source region. This approach leads to more stable and effective learning, achieving superior performance in both the new task and the traditional binary forgery localization.

Suruchi Kumari, Pravendra Singh

Medical image segmentation often faces the dual challenges of limited annotations and domain shifts, further complicated by degraded images in practical scenarios. Traditional methods tend to underperform when these issues occur simultaneously, as they are typically designed for specific tasks. To address this, we propose a unified framework that effectively handles limited annotations and domain shifts while also managing both clean and degraded images during inference. Overcoming these challenges requires focusing on three critical aspects: First, the model must be robust to various noise conditions. Second, it should excel at capturing domain-invariant features. Third, it should effectively utilize unlabeled data. We propose three major components in our approach to tackle these challenges. First, the Wavelet-based Cross-Component Exchange (WCCE) swaps high-frequency wavelet components between labeled and unlabeled images to enhance robustness. Second, we employ a diffusion VNet architecture with a reweighting mechanism to capture domain-invariant features. Finally, we utilize Cross-Decoder Pseudo (CDP) training to effectively leverage unlabeled data. Evaluations on three publicly available medical datasets and across four types of degraded image scenarios demonstrate that our method outperforms state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques, consistently delivering superior performance across varying image qualities. Our approach not only addresses annotation scarcity and domain shift but also effectively manages noisy and blurred conditions, setting a new benchmark in medical image segmentation.

Jungho Kim, Changwon Kang, Dongyoung Lee, Sehwan Choi, Jun Won Choi

In this paper, we introduce ProtoOcc, a novel 3D occupancy prediction model designed to predict the occupancy states and semantic classes of 3D voxels via a deep semantic understanding of scenes. ProtoOcc consists of two main components: the Dual Branch Encoder (DBE) and the Prototype Query Decoder (PQD). The DBE produces a new 3D voxel representation by combining 3D voxel and BEV representations across multiple scales using a dual branch structure. This design combines the BEV representation, which offers a large receptive field, with the voxel representation, known for its higher spatial resolution, thereby improving both performance and computational efficiency. The PQD employs two types of prototype-based queries to expedite the Transformer decoding process. Scene-Adaptive Prototypes are generated from the 3D voxel features of the input sample, while Scene-Agnostic Prototypes are updated during training using an Exponential Moving Average of the Scene-Adaptive Prototypes. Using these prototype-based queries for decoding, we can directly predict 3D occupancy in a single step, eliminating the need for iterative Transformer decoding. Additionally, we propose Robust Prototype Learning, which introduces noise into the prototype generation process and trains the model to denoise during the training phase. This approach enhances the robustness of ProtoOcc against degraded prototype feature quality. ProtoOcc achieves state-of-the-art performance with 45.02% mIoU on the Occ3D-nuScenes benchmark. For the single-frame method, it reaches 39.56% mIoU with 12.83 FPS on an NVIDIA RTX 3090.