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Jiin Im, Sisung Liu, Je Hyeong Hong

Semantic correspondence is essential for handling diverse in-the-wild images lacking explicit correspondence annotations. While recent 2D foundation models offer powerful features, adapting them for unsupervised learning via nearest-neighbor pseudo-labels has key limitations: it operates locally, ignoring structural relationships, and consequently its reliance on 2D appearance fails to resolve geometric ambiguities arising from symmetries or repetitive features. In this work, we address this by reformulating pseudo-label generation as a Fused Gromov-Wasserstein (FGW) problem, which jointly optimizes inter-feature similarity and intra-structural consistency. Our framework, Shape-of-You (SoY), leverages a 3D foundation model to define this intra-structure in the geometric space, resolving abovementioned ambiguity. However, since FGW is a computationally prohibitive quadratic problem, we approximate it through anchor-based linearization. The resulting probabilistic transport plan provides a structurally consistent but noisy supervisory signal. Thus, we introduce a soft-target loss dynamically blending guidance from this plan with network predictions to build a learning framework robust to this noise. SoY achieves state-of-the-art performance on SPair-71k and AP-10k datasets, establishing a new benchmark in semantic correspondence without explicit geometric annotations. Code is available at Shape-of-You.

Jing Hao, Yuci Liang, Lizhuo Lin, Yuxuan Fan, Wenkai Zhou, Kaixin Guo, Zanting Ye, Yanpeng Sun, Xinyu Zhang, Yanqi Yang 等

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have exhibited immense potential across numerous medical specialties, yet dentistry remains underexplored, in part due to limited domain-specific data, scarce dental expert annotations, insufficient modality-specific modeling, and challenges in reliability. In this paper, we present OralGPT-Omni, the first dental-specialized MLLM designed for comprehensive and trustworthy analysis across diverse dental imaging modalities and clinical tasks. To explicitly capture dentists' diagnostic reasoning, we construct TRACE-CoT, a clinically grounded chain-of-thought dataset that mirrors dental radiologists' decision-making processes. This reasoning supervision, combined with our proposed four-stage training paradigm, substantially strengthens the model's capacity for dental image understanding and analysis. In parallel, we introduce MMOral-Uni, the first unified multimodal benchmark for dental image analysis. It comprises 2,809 open-ended question-answer pairs spanning five modalities and five tasks, offering a comprehensive evaluation suite to date for MLLMs in digital dentistry. OralGPT-Omni achieves an overall score of 51.84 on the MMOral-Uni benchmark and 45.31 on the MMOral-OPG benchmark, dramatically outperforming the scores of GPT-5. Our work promotes intelligent dentistry and paves the way for future advances in dental image analysis. All code, benchmark, and models will be made publicly available.

Shuhao Kang, Youqi Liao, Peijie Wang, Wenlong Liao, Qilin Zhang, Benjamin Busam, Xieyuanli Chen, Yun Liu

Text-to-point-cloud (T2P) localization aims to infer precise spatial positions within 3D point cloud maps from natural language descriptions, reflecting how humans perceive and communicate spatial layouts through language. However, existing methods largely rely on shallow text-point cloud correspondence without effective spatial reasoning, limiting their accuracy in complex environments. To address this limitation, we propose VLM-Loc, a framework that leverages the spatial reasoning capability of large vision-language models (VLMs) for T2P localization. Specifically, we transform point clouds into bird's-eye-view (BEV) images and scene graphs that jointly encode geometric and semantic context, providing structured inputs for the VLM to learn cross-modal representations bridging linguistic and spatial semantics. On top of these representations, we introduce a partial node assignment mechanism that explicitly associates textual cues with scene graph nodes, enabling interpretable spatial reasoning for accurate localization. To facilitate systematic evaluation across diverse scenes, we present CityLoc, a benchmark built from multi-source point clouds for fine-grained T2P localization. Experiments on CityLoc demonstrate VLM-Loc achieves superior accuracy and robustness compared to state-of-the-art methods. Our code, model, and dataset are available at \href https://github.com/MCG-NKU/nku-3d-vision repository .

Chenyuan Wu, Jiahao Wang, Pengfei Zheng, Ruiran Yan, Shitao Xiao, Xin Luo, Yueze Wang, Wanli Li, Xiyan Jiang, Yexin Liu 等

Multimodal generative models can process instructions in various modalities and demonstrate outstanding performance across a wide range of image generation tasks. However, their robustness in complex real-world scenarios remains limited due to insufficient generalized instruction alignment. We introduce OmniGen2, a unified multimodal generator designed to follow complex, fine-grained instructions. Our core contribution is a two-stage design that first builds a strong, world-knowledge-grounded foundation model and then aligns it using a progressive, multi-task instruction tuning strategy. The foundation model features a streamlined architecture with decoupled decoding for versatile multimodal generation and a novel positional encoding scheme to improve learning efficiency. We ground this model in real-world knowledge using large-scale data construction pipelines. Building on this foundation, we propose a progressive, reinforcement-based alignment process. This phase carefully schedules training tasks and reward signals to foster cross-task knowledge transfer, significantly improving the model's instruction-following capabilities. Our models demonstrate competitive performance on standard benchmarks and our dedicated in-context generation benchmark, OmniContext. We have released our models, code, benchmark, and training datasets at https://github.com/VectorSpaceLab/OmniGen2.

Xiaodong Zhu, Yuanming Zheng, Suting Wang, Junqi Yang, Yuhong Yang, Weiping Tu, Zhongyuan Wang

Temporal Forgery Localization (TFL) aims to precisely identify manipulated segments within videos or audio streams, providing interpretable evidence for multimedia forensics and security. While most existing TFL methods rely on dense frame-level labels in a fully supervised manner, Weakly Supervised TFL (WS-TFL) reduces labeling cost by learning only from binary video-level labels. However, current WS-TFL approaches suffer from mismatched training and inference objectives, limited supervision from binary labels, gradient blockage caused by non-differentiable top-k aggregation, and the absence of explicit modeling of inter-proposal relationships. To address these issues, we propose GEM-TFL (Graph-based EM-powered Temporal Forgery Localization), a two-phase classification-regression framework that effectively bridges the supervision gap between training and inference. Built upon this foundation, (1) we enhance weak supervision by reformulating binary labels into multi-dimensional latent attributes through an EM-based optimization process; (2) we introduce a training-free temporal consistency refinement that realigns frame-level predictions for smoother temporal dynamics; and (3) we design a graph-based proposal refinement module that models temporal-semantic relationships among proposals for globally consistent confidence estimation. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets demonstrate that GEM-TFL achieves more accurate and robust temporal forgery localization, substantially narrowing the gap with fully supervised methods.

Rang Li, Lei Li, Shuhuai Ren, Hao Tian, Shuhao Gu, Shicheng Li, Zihao Yue, Yudong Wang, Wenhan Ma, Zhe Yang 等

Visual grounding, localizing objects from natural language descriptions, represents a critical bridge between language and vision understanding. While multimodal large language models (MLLMs) achieve impressive scores on existing benchmarks, a fundamental question remains: can MLLMs truly visually ground with human-like sophistication, or are they merely pattern-matching on simplified datasets? Current benchmarks fail to capture real-world complexity where humans effortlessly navigate intricate references and recognize when grounding is impossible. To rigorously assess MLLMs' true capabilities, we introduce GroundingME, a benchmark that systematically challenges models across four critical dimensions: (1) Discriminative: distinguishing highly similar objects, (2) Spatial: understanding complex relational descriptions, (3) Limited: handling occlusions or tiny objects, and (4) Rejection: recognizing ungroundable queries. Through careful curation combining automated generation with human verification, we create 1,005 challenging examples mirroring real-world complexity. Evaluating 25 state-of-the-art MLLMs reveals a profound capability gap: the best model achieves only 45.1% accuracy, while most score 0% on rejection tasks. We explore two strategies for improvements: (1) test-time scaling selects optimal response by thinking trajectory to improve overall performance by up to 4.5%, and (2) data-mixture training boosts rejection accuracy from 0% to 27.9%. GroundingME thus serves as both a diagnostic tool revealing current limitations in MLLMs and a roadmap toward human-level visual grounding. Project page: https://groundingme.github.io

Gasser Elazab, Frank Neuhaus, Tilman Koß, Malte Splietker, Aditya Date, Michael Unterreiner, Maximilian Jansen, Olaf Hellwich

Autonomous driving must operate reliably across diverse surfaces to enable safe mobility. However, most driving datasets are captured on well-paved flat roads. Moreover, recent driving datasets primarily provide sparse LiDAR ground truth for images, which is insufficient for assessing fine-grained geometry in depth estimation and completion. To address these gaps, we introduce CARD, a multi-modal driving dataset that delivers quasi-dense 3D ground truth across continuous sequences rich in speed bumps, potholes, irregular surfaces and off-road segments. Our sensor suite includes synchronized global-shutter stereo cameras, front and rear LiDARs, 6-DoF poses from LiDAR-inertial odometry, per-wheel motion traces, and full calibration. Notably, our multi-LiDAR fusion yields 500K valid depth pixels per frame, about 6.5x more than KITTI Depth Completion and 10x more on average than other public driving datasets. The dataset spans 110 km and 4.7 hours across Germany and Italy. In addition, CARD provides 2D bounding boxes targeting road-topography irregularities, enabling accurate benchmarking for both geometry and perception tasks. Furthermore, we introduce a standardized evaluation protocol for road surface irregularities and a stereo-guided depth completion variant that achieves leading performance on CARD. Moreover, we benchmark state-of-the-art depth estimation models to establish strong baselines. We host CARD on Hugging Face with an open source SDK and standardized splits to enable public leaderboards and reproducible evaluation. The CARD dataset is hosted on (https://huggingface.co/CARD-Data).

Yiheng Zhang, Zhuojiang Cai, Mingdao Wang, Meitong Guo, Tianxiao Li, Li Lin, Yuwang Wang

In text-driven 3D scene generation, object layout serves as a crucial intermediate representation that bridges high-level language instructions with detailed geometric output. It not only provides a structural blueprint for ensuring physical plausibility but also supports semantic controllability and interactive editing. However, the learning capabilities of current 3D indoor layout generation models are constrained by the limited scale, diversity, and annotation quality of existing datasets. To address this, we introduce M3DLayout, a large-scale, multi-source dataset for 3D indoor layout generation. M3DLayout comprises 21,367 layouts and over 433k object instances, integrating three distinct sources: real-world scans, professional CAD designs, and procedurally generated scenes. Each layout is paired with detailed structured text describing global scene summaries, relational placements of large furniture, and fine-grained arrangements of smaller items. This diverse and richly annotated resource enables models to learn complex spatial and semantic patterns across a wide variety of indoor environments. To assess the potential of M3DLayout, we establish a benchmark using both a text-conditioned diffusion model and a text-conditioned autoregressive model. Experimental results demonstrate that our dataset provides a solid foundation for training layout generation models. Its multi-source composition enhances diversity, notably through the Inf3DLayout subset which provides rich small-object information, enabling the generation of more complex and detailed scenes. We hope that M3DLayout can serve as a valuable resource for advancing research in text-driven 3D scene synthesis. All dataset and code will be made public upon acceptance.

Wei Chow, Jiachun Pan, Yongyuan Liang, Mingze Zhou, Xue Song, Liyu Jia, Saining Zhang, Siliang Tang, Juncheng Li, Fengda Zhang 等

Recent unified multimodal models (UMMs) have achieved remarkable progress in visual comprehension and generation. However, existing datasets and benchmarks focus predominantly on single-turn interactions, overlooking the multi-turn, context-dependent nature of real-world image creation and editing. To bridge this gap, we introduce W E A V E, the first comprehensive suite for in-context interleaved cross-modality comprehension and generation, comprising two complementary components. W E A V E-100k is a large-scale dataset of 100,000 interleaved samples spanning over 370,000 dialogue turns and 500,000 images, encompassing comprehension, editing, and generation tasks that demand reasoning over prior context. W E A V E-Bench is a human-annotated benchmark of 100 items with 480 images, equipped with a hybrid VLM judge evaluation framework that jointly leverages reference images and original-image-instruction pairs to assess multi-turn generation, visual memory, and world-knowledge reasoning across diverse domains. Experiments show that training on W E A V E-100k substantially improves vision comprehension, image editing, and comprehension-generation collaboration, while further enabling the emergence of visual-memory capabilities in UMMs. Extensive evaluations on W E A V E-Bench reveal persistent limitations of current approaches in multi-turn, context-aware image generation and editing. We hope W E A V E provides both a perspective and a foundation for advancing in-context interleaved comprehension and generation in the multimodal community.

Zhiwen Chen, Junhui Hou, Zhiyu Zhu, Jinjian Wu, Guangming Shi

Learning versatile, fine-grained representations from irregular event streams is pivotal yet nontrivial, primarily due to the heavy annotation that hinders scalability in dataset size, semantic richness, and application scope. To mitigate this dilemma, we launch a novel self-supervised pretraining method that distills visual foundation models (VFMs) to push the boundaries of event representation at scale. Specifically, we curate an extensive synchronized image-event collection to amplify cross-modal alignment. Nevertheless, due to inherent mismatches in sparsity and granularity between image-event domains, existing distillation paradigms are prone to semantic collapse in event representations, particularly at high resolutions. To bridge this gap, we propose to extend the alignment objective to semantic structures provided off-the-shelf by VFMs, indicating a broader receptive field and stronger supervision. The key ingredient of our method is a structure-aware distillation loss that grounds higher-quality image-event correspondences for alignment, optimizing dense event representations. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach takes a great leap in downstream benchmarks, significantly surpassing traditional methods and existing pretraining techniques. This breakthrough manifests in enhanced generalization, superior data efficiency and elevated transferability. The source code will be available.

Keming Ye, Zhipeng Huang, Canmiao Fu, Qingyang Liu, Jiani Cai, Zheqi Lv, Chen Li, Jing LYU, Zhou Zhao, Shengyu Zhang

With the rapid advances of powerful multimodal models such as GPT-4o, Nano Banana, and Seedream 4.0 in Image Editing, the performance gap between closed-source and open-source models is widening, primarily due to the scarcity of large-scale, high-quality training data and comprehensive benchmarks capable of diagnosing model weaknesses across diverse editing behaviors. Existing data construction methods face a scale-quality trade-off: human annotations are high-quality but not scalable, while automated pipelines suffer from error propagation and noise. To address this, we introduce a lightweight data pipeline that replaces multi-toolchains with an end-to-end model and a unified post-verification stage. For scalable quality control, we train a 7B dual-task expert model, Qwen-Verify, for efficient failure detection and instruction recaptioning. This pipeline yields UnicEdit-10M, a 10M-scale dataset spanning diverse basic and complex editing tasks. We also propose UnicBench, a general benchmark that extends beyond basic edits to explicitly assess spatial and knowledge-driven reasoning. To enable fine-grained diagnosis, we introduce novel metrics, including Non-edit Consistency and Reasoning Accuracy. Our analysis of mainstream models on UnicBench reveals their limitations and provides clear directions for future research. The dataset, benchmark, and code will be released.

Tao Xie, Peishan Yang, Yudong Jin, Yingfeng Cai, Wei Yin, Weiqiang Ren, Qian Zhang, Wei Hua, Sida Peng, Xiaoyang Guo 等

This paper addresses the task of large-scale 3D scene reconstruction from long video sequences. Recent feed-forward reconstruction models have shown promising results by directly regressing 3D geometry from RGB images without explicit 3D priors or geometric constraints. However, these methods often struggle to maintain reconstruction accuracy and consistency over long sequences due to limited memory capacity and the inability to effectively capture global contextual cues. In contrast, humans can naturally exploit the global understanding of the scene to inform local perception. Motivated by this, we propose a novel neural global context representation that efficiently compresses and retains long-range scene information, enabling the model to leverage extensive contextual cues for enhanced reconstruction accuracy and consistency. The context representation is realized through a set of lightweight neural sub-networks that are rapidly adapted during test time via self-supervised objectives, which substantially increases memory capacity without incurring significant computational overhead. The experiments on multiple large-scale benchmarks, including the KITTI Odometry [??] and Oxford Spires [??] datasets, demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in handling ultra-large scenes, achieving leading pose accuracy and state-of-the-art 3D reconstruction accuracy while maintaining efficiency. Code will be available at https://zju3dv.github.io/scal3r.

Yuxi Ma, Sujie Liu, Jing Yang, Jiacheng Wang, Yiping Chen, Baptiste Magnier, Liansheng Wang

Large-scale foundation models pretrained on massive datasets have demonstrated strong generalization capabilities in medical image analysis. However, they are typically trained on static datasets and struggle to cope with the continuously evolving nature of clinical data, where new imaging devices, institutions, and disease subtypes constantly emerge. While domain-incremental learning (DIL) provides a solution for sequential adaptation without revisiting historical data, existing methods typically assume fixed label spaces and limited domain heterogeneity, restricting their applicability to real-world clinical scenarios. To address these challenges, we propose DK-DDIL, a rehearsal-free framework for dynamic DIL that integrates two synergistic modules: a Dynamic Adaptation Module (DAM) employing dynamic rank selection and adaptive regularization to flexibly allocate model capacity under domain shifts, and a Knowledge Inheritance and Refinement (KIR) module that stabilizes cross-domain knowledge transfer through selective adapter fusion and prototype-level contrastive refinement. Experiments on the Skin Pathology Diagnosis dataset, the Cyst-X 3D MRI cohort, and the OfficeHome benchmark demonstrate that DK-DDIL consistently outperforms state-of-the-art DIL approaches, highlighting its effectiveness and versatility across dynamic 2D medical, 3D medical, and natural image domains.

Zhiheng Fu, Yupeng Hu, Qianyun Yang, Shiqi Zhang, Zhiwei Chen, Zixu Li

Composed Image Retrieval (CIR) has attracted significant attention due to its flexible multimodal query method, yet its development is severely constrained by the Noisy Triplet Correspondence (NTC) problem. Most existing robust learning methods rely on the "small loss hypothesis", but the unique semantic ambiguity in NTC, such as "partial matching", invalidates this assumption, leading to unreliable noise identification. This entraps the model in a self dependent vicious cycle where the learner is intertwined with the arbiter, ultimately causing catastrophic "representation pollution". To address this critical challenge, we propose a novel "Expert-Proxy-Diversion" decoupling paradigm, named Air-Know (ArbIteR calibrated Knowledge iNternalizing rObust netWork). Air-Know incorporates three core modules: (1) The External Prior Arbitration (EPA) module, which utilizes Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) as an offline expert to construct a high precision anchor dataset; (2) Expert Knowledge Internalization (EKI) module, which efficiently guides a lightweight proxy "arbiter" to internalize the expert's discriminative logic; (3) Dual Stream Reconciliation (DSR) module, which leverages the EKI's matching confidence to divert the training data, achieving a clean alignment stream and a representation feedback reconciliation stream. Extensive experiments on multiple CIR benchmark datasets demonstrate that Air-Know significantly outperforms existing SOTA methods under the NTC setting, while also showing strong competitiveness in traditional CIR.

Zhumei Wang, Zechen Hu, Ruoxi Guo, Huaijin Pi, Ziyong Feng, Liang Zhang, Mingtao Pei, Siyuan Huang

Human motion recovery for real-world interaction demands both precise action details and metric-scale trajectories. Recovering absolute human pose from monocular input presents a viable solution, but faces two main challenges: (1) models' reliance on 3D training data from constrained environments limits their out-of-distribution generalization; and (2) the inherent difficulty of estimating metric-scale poses from monocular observations. This paper introduces Mocap-2-to-3, a novel framework that differs from prior HMR methods by recovering absolute poses from monocular input and leveraging abundant 2D data to enhance 3D motion recovery. To effectively utilize the action priors and diversity in large-scale 2D datasets, we reformulate 3D motion as a multi-view synthesis process and divide the training into two stages: a single-view diffusion model is first pre-trained on extensive 2D data, followed by multi-view fine-tuning on 3D data, thus achieving a combination of strong priors and geometric constraints. Furthermore, to recover absolute poses, we introduce a novel human motion representation that decouples the learning of local pose and global movements, while encoding ground geometric priors to accelerate convergence, thereby yielding more precise positioning in the physical world. Experiments on in-the-wild benchmarks show that our method outperforms state-of-the-art approaches in both camera-space motion realism and world-grounded human positioning, while exhibiting strong generalization capability.

Zhenyu Wu, Jingjing Xie, Zehao Li, Bowen Yang, Qiushi Sun, Zhaoyang Liu, Zhoumianze Liu, Yu Qiao, Xiangyu Yue, Zun Wang 等

The deployment of autonomous agents in Graphical User Interface (GUI) environments confronts significant challenges, notably error accumulation in long-horizon tasks and the severe consequences of irreversible operations. While critic models that provide real-time action assessment offer a promising solution, their effectiveness is hindered by the lack of diverse, high-quality GUI feedback data and public critic benchmarks for computer use.To bridge these gaps,we introduce OS-Oracle that makes three core contributions:(1) a scalable data pipeline for synthesizing cross-platform GUI critic data;(2) a two-stage training paradigm combining supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and consistency-preserving group relative policy optimization (CP-GRPO); (3) OS-Critic Bench, a holistic benchmark for evaluating critic model performance across Mobile, Web, and Desktop platforms.Leveraging this framework, we curate a high-quality dataset containing 310k critic samples. The resulting critic model, OS-Oracle-7B, achieves impressive performance,and further reduces error rates, which improves the capability of GUI agents in dynamic environments. All codes, data and checkpoints will be made public.

Jiaxun Guo, Wentao Fan, Manar Amayri, Nizar Bouguila

Rotation invariance remains a core challenge in point cloud analysis, where existing methods often struggle with structural ambiguities and insufficient global context. Most rotation-invariant (RI) representations are derived from local coordinate systems, which inherently suffer from point-pair ambiguities and fail to capture discriminative features in symmetric or repetitive structures, while discarding informative global pose cues. To overcome these limitations, we propose Ga4DPF, a novel framework that offers a robust, global-aware RI representation by converting rotation-equivariant geometric representations into invariant ones, while concurrently integrating global pose awareness. Specifically, Ga4DPF introduces a learnable steerable transform that equivariantly lifts point clouds into 4D space, facilitating robust local feature construction and mitigating point-pair ambiguities. Concurrently, we model a dynamic global pose reference using the Bingham distribution, which adaptively estimates a consistent global rotation and enhances global feature discriminability. Extensive experiments on multiple benchmark datasets demonstrate that Ga4DPF achieves state-of-the-art performance with high computational efficiency, offering a new paradigm for rotation-invariant point cloud analysis. The source code is available at: https://github.com/jiaxunguo/ga4dpf.

Maxime Fontana, Michael Spratling, Miaojing Shi

Adapting models pre-trained on large-scale datasets is a proven way to reach strong performance quickly for downstream tasks. However, the growth of state-of-the-art models makes traditional full fine-tuning unsuitable and difficult, especially for multi-task learning (MTL) where cost scales with the number of tasks. As a result, recent studies investigate parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) using low-rank adaptation to significantly reduce the number of trainable parameters. However, these existing methods use a single, fixed rank, which may not be optimal for different tasks or positions in the MTL architecture. Moreover, these methods fail to learn spatial information that captures inter-task relationships and helps to improve diverse task predictions. This paper introduces Frequency-Aware and Automatic Rank (FAAR) for efficient MTL fine-tuning. Our method introduces Performance-Driven Rank Shrinking (PDRS) to allocate the optimal rank per adapter location and per task. Moreover, by analyzing the image frequency spectrum, FAAR proposes a Task-Spectral Pyramidal Decoder (TS-PD) that injects input-specific context into spatial bias learning to better reflect cross-task relationships. Experiments performed on dense visual task benchmarks show the superiority of our method in terms of both accuracy and efficiency compared to other PEFT methods in MTL. FAAR reduces the number of parameters by up to 9 times compared to traditional MTL fine-tuning whilst improving overall performance. Our code is available.

Qin Li, Wenbo Zhang, Limei Liu, Han Peng, Junfeng Yang, Guanying Xu

Multimodal intent recognition (MIR) is hindered by substantial redundancy and noise originating from text, speech, and visual inputs, which weakens feature distinctiveness and ultimately harms recognition performance. Although recent approaches based on the information bottleneck (IB) principle mitigate this issue via feature compression and reconstruction to obtain compact and noise-reduced representations, they still encounter two major drawbacks. First, conventional IB employs a fixed bottleneck dimension, making it unable to accommodate sample-dependent variations in redundancy and noise. Second, simultaneously handling redundancy and noise within a single compression process leads to incomplete feature purification. In this paper, we propose a novel framework named SeD-UD, which incorporates influence-driven input-adaptive bottleneck (IDAB) modules following a hierarchically-decoupled IB structure. Given a redundancy/noise influence factor, IDAB dynamically adjusts dimensions and selects the optimal parameters for compression and reconstruction, thereby achieving the best trade-off between information preservation and interference suppression. The IB structure performs hierarchically-decoupled processing of redundancy and noise via separated de-redundancy and unified denoising based on IDAB modules. Extensive experiments on benchmark datasets show SeD-UD outperforms current state-of-the-art models.

Lin Wang, Fang Liu, Xiaofen Xing, Kailing Guo, Xiangmin Xu

Facial expression recognition (FER) in the wild is severely hampered by label noise and annotation ambiguity. Existing methods, including sample selection, label ensembling, and consistency regularization, primarily rely on ordinary label supervision and offer limited control over non-target predictions, leading to spurious activations and overfitting to noisy labels. To address this limitation, we propose a novel learning framework, named Complementary Label Exchange Learning (CLEX), to enhance robustness by exchanging knowledge from non-target predictions across augmented views. Specifically, CLEX comprises three synergistic components. First, Stochastic Non-Target Logit Exchange randomly swaps a subset of non-target logits between original and augmented views to couple error-prone predictions, creating robust consistency constraints. Second, Scale-Invariant Logit Normalization eliminates magnitude artifacts through Lp-norm normalization, ensuring that regularization operates over geometrically meaningful directions rather than being dominated by arbitrary scales. Third, Complementary Suppression Loss selectively penalizes spurious activations over a randomly retained subset of non-target classes, avoiding the uniform shrinkage that hampers discriminative learning. To further stabilize training, we incorporate attention consistency regularization that enforces spatial alignment between augmented views, while retaining auxiliary cross-entropy to preserve semantic localization capability. Extensive experiments across multiple benchmark FER datasets (RAF-DB, FERPlus, and AffectNet) demonstrate that CLEX consistently outperforms existing robust FER learning approaches.