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Weijian Ma, Shuaiqi Chen, Yunzhong Lou, Xueyang Li, Xiangdong Zhou

Reconstructing CAD construction sequences from raw 3D geometry serves as an interface between real-world objects and digital designs. In this paper we propose CAD-Diffuser a multimodal diffusion scheme aiming at integrating top-down design paradigm into generative reconstruction. In particular we unify CAD point clouds and CAD construction sequences at the token level guiding our proposed multimodal diffusion strategy to understand and link between the geometry and the design intent concentrated in construction sequences. Leveraging the strong decoding abilities of language models the forward process is modeled as a random walk between the original token and the [MASK] token while the reverse process naturally fits the masked token modeling scheme. A volume-based noise schedule is designed to encourage outline-first generation decomposing the top-down design methodology into a machine-understandable procedure. For tokenizing CAD data of multiple modalities we introduce a tokenizer with a self-supervised face segmentation task to compress local and global geometric information for CAD point clouds and the CAD construction sequence is transformed into a primitive token string. Experimental results show that our CAD-Diffuser can perceive geometric details and the results are more likely to be reused by human designers.

Sunghwan Hong, Jaewoo Jung, Heeseong Shin, Jiaolong Yang, Seungryong Kim, Chong Luo

This work delves into the task of pose-free novel view synthesis from stereo pairs a challenging and pioneering task in 3D vision. Our innovative framework unlike any before seamlessly integrates 2D correspondence matching camera pose estimation and NeRF rendering fostering a synergistic enhancement of these tasks. We achieve this through designing an architecture that utilizes a shared representation which serves as a foundation for enhanced 3D geometry understanding. Capitalizing on the inherent interplay between the tasks our unified framework is trained end-to-end with the proposed training strategy to improve overall model accuracy. Through extensive evaluations across diverse indoor and outdoor scenes from two real-world datasets we demonstrate that our approach achieves substantial improvement over previous methodologies especially in scenarios characterized by extreme viewpoint changes and the absence of accurate camera poses.

Phillip Howard, Avinash Madasu, Tiep Le, Gustavo Lujan Moreno, Anahita Bhiwandiwalla, Vasudev Lal

While vision-language models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable performance improvements recently there is growing evidence that these models also posses harmful biases with respect to social attributes such as gender and race. Prior studies have primarily focused on probing such bias attributes individually while ignoring biases associated with intersections between social attributes. This could be due to the difficulty of collecting an exhaustive set of image-text pairs for various combinations of social attributes. To address this challenge we employ text-to-image diffusion models to produce counterfactual examples for probing intersectional social biases at scale. Our approach utilizes Stable Diffusion with cross attention control to produce sets of counterfactual image-text pairs that are highly similar in their depiction of a subject (e.g. a given occupation) while differing only in their depiction of intersectional social attributes (e.g. race & gender). Through our over-generate-then-filter methodology we produce SocialCounterfactuals a high-quality dataset containing 171k image-text pairs for probing intersectional biases related to gender race and physical characteristics. We conduct extensive experiments to demonstrate the usefulness of our generated dataset for probing and mitigating intersectional social biases in state-of-the-art VLMs.

Yifan Bai, Zeyang Zhao, Yihong Gong, Xing Wei

We present ARTrackV2 which integrates two pivotal aspects of tracking: determining where to look (localization) and how to describe (appearance analysis) the target object across video frames. Building on the foundation of its predecessor ARTrackV2 extends the concept by introducing a unified generative framework to "read out" object's trajectory and "retell" its appearance in an autoregressive manner. This approach fosters a time-continuous methodology that models the joint evolution of motion and visual features guided by previous estimates. Furthermore ARTrackV2 stands out for its efficiency and simplicity obviating the less efficient intra-frame autoregression and hand-tuned parameters for appearance updates. Despite its simplicity ARTrackV2 achieves state-of-the-art performance on prevailing benchmark datasets while demonstrating a remarkable efficiency improvement. In particular ARTrackV2 achieves an AO score of 79. 5% on GOT-10k and an AUC of 86. 1% on TrackingNet while being 3.6 xfaster than ARTrack.

Changan Chen, Rui Wang, Christoph Vogel, Marc Pollefeys

In this paper we propose an efficient data-driven solution to self-localization within a floorplan. Floorplan data is readily available long-term persistent and inherently robust to changes in the visual appearance. Our method does not require retraining per map and location or demand a large database of images of the area of interest. We propose a novel probabilistic model consisting of an observation and a novel temporal filtering module. Operating internally with an efficient ray-based representation the observation module consists of a single and a multiview module to predict horizontal depth from images and fuses their results to benefit from advantages offered by either methodology. Our method operates on conventional consumer hardware and overcomes a common limitation of competing methods that often demand upright images. Our full system meets real-time requirements while outperforming the state-of-the-art by a significant margin.

Yutong Xie, Qi Chen, Sinuo Wang, Minh-Son To, Iris Lee, Ee Win Khoo, Kerolos Hendy, Daniel Koh, Yong Xia, Qi Wu

Current vision-language pre-training (VLP) methodologies predominantly depend on paired image-text datasets a resource that is challenging to acquire in radiology due to privacy considerations and labelling complexities. Data augmentation provides a practical solution to overcome the issue of data scarcity however most augmentation methods exhibit a limited focus prioritising either image or text augmentation exclusively. Acknowledging this limitation our objective is to devise a framework capable of concurrently augmenting medical image and text data. We design a Pairwise Augmentation (PairAug) approach that contains an Inter-patient Augmentation (InterAug) branch and an Intra-patient Augmentation (IntraAug) branch. Specifically the InterAug branch of our approach generates radiology images using synthesised yet plausible reports derived from a Large Language Model (LLM). The generated pairs can be considered a collection of new patient cases since they are artificially created and may not exist in the original dataset. In contrast the IntraAug branch uses newly generated reports to manipulate images. This process allows us to create new paired data for each individual with diverse medical conditions. Our extensive experiments on various downstream tasks covering medical image classification zero-shot and fine-tuning analysis demonstrate that our PairAug concurrently expanding both image and text data substantially outperforms image-/text-only expansion baselines and advanced medical VLP baselines. Our code is released at https://github.com/YtongXie/PairAug.

Mingxin Huang, Hongliang Li, Yuliang Liu, Xiang Bai, Lianwen Jin

Modularity plays a crucial role in the development and maintenance of complex systems. While end-to-end text spotting efficiently mitigates the issues of error accumulation and sub-optimal performance seen in traditional two-step methodologies the two-step methods continue to be favored in many competitions and practical settings due to their superior modularity. In this paper we introduce Bridging Text Spotting a novel approach that resolves the error accumulation and suboptimal performance issues in two-step methods while retaining modularity. To achieve this we adopt a well-trained detector and recognizer that are developed and trained independently and then lock their parameters to preserve their already acquired capabilities. Subsequently we introduce a Bridge that connects the locked detector and recognizer through a zero-initialized neural network. This zero-initialized neural network initialized with weights set to zeros ensures seamless integration of the large receptive field features in detection into the locked recognizer. Furthermore since the fixed detector and recognizer cannot naturally acquire end-to-end optimization features we adopt the Adapter to facilitate their efficient learning of these features. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method through extensive experiments: Connecting the latest detector and recognizer through Bridging Text Spotting we achieved an accuracy of 83.3% on Total-Text 69.8% on CTW1500 and 89.5% on ICDAR 2015. The code is available at https://github.com/mxin262/Bridging-Text-Spotting.

Matthew Kowal, Richard P. Wildes, Konstantinos G. Derpanis

Understanding what deep network models capture in their learned representations is a fundamental challenge in computer vision. We present a new methodology to understanding such vision models the Visual Concept Connectome (VCC) which discovers human interpretable concepts and their interlayer connections in a fully unsupervised manner. Our approach simultaneously reveals fine-grained concepts at a layer connection weightings across all layers and is amendable to global analysis of network structure (e.g. branching pattern of hierarchical concept assemblies). Previous work yielded ways to extract interpretable concepts from single layers and examine their impact on classification but did not afford multilayer concept analysis across an entire network architecture. Quantitative and qualitative empirical results show the effectiveness of VCCs in the domain of image classification. Also we leverage VCCs for the application of failure mode debugging to reveal where mistakes arise in deep networks.

Soumen Basu, Mayuna Gupta, Chetan Madan, Pankaj Gupta, Chetan Arora

In recent years automated Gallbladder Cancer (GBC) detection has gained the attention of researchers. Current state-of-the-art (SOTA) methodologies relying on ultrasound sonography (US) images exhibit limited generalization emphasizing the need for transformative approaches. We observe that individual US frames may lack sufficient information to capture disease manifestation. This study advocates for a paradigm shift towards video-based GBC detection leveraging the inherent advantages of spatiotemporal representations. Employing the Masked Autoencoder (MAE) for representation learning we address shortcomings in conventional image-based methods. We propose a novel design called FocusMAE to systematically bias the selection of masking tokens from high-information regions fostering a more refined representation of malignancy. Additionally we contribute the most extensive US video dataset for GBC detection. We also note that this is the first study on US video-based GBC detection. We validate the proposed methods on the curated dataset and report a new SOTA accuracy of 96.4% for the GBC detection problem against an accuracy of 84% by current Image-based SOTA - GBCNet and RadFormer and 94.7% by Video-based SOTA - AdaMAE. We further demonstrate the generality of the proposed FocusMAE on a public CT-based Covid detection dataset reporting an improvement in accuracy by 3.3% over current baselines. Project page with source code trained models and data is available at: https://gbc-iitd.github.io/focusmae.

Tan Wang, Linjie Li, Kevin Lin, Yuanhao Zhai, Chung-Ching Lin, Zhengyuan Yang, Hanwang Zhang, Zicheng Liu, Lijuan Wang

Generative AI has made significant strides in computer vision particularly in text-driven image/video synthesis (T2I/T2V). Despite the notable advancements it remains challenging in human-centric content synthesis such as realistic dance generation. Current methodologies primarily tailored for human motion transfer encounter difficulties when confronted with real-world dance scenarios (e.g. social media dance) which require to generalize across a wide spectrum of poses and intricate human details. In this paper we depart from the traditional paradigm of human motion transfer and emphasize two additional critical attributes for the synthesis of human dance content in social media contexts: (i) Generalizability: the model should be able to generalize beyond generic human viewpoints as well as unseen human subjects backgrounds and poses; (ii) Compositionality: it should allow for the seamless composition of seen/unseen subjects backgrounds and poses from different sources. To address these challenges we introduce DISCO which includes a novel model architecture with disentangled control to improve the compositionality of dance synthesis and an effective human attribute pre-training for better generalizability to unseen humans. Extensive qualitative and quantitative results demonstrate that DISCO can generate high-quality human dance images and videos with diverse appearances and flexible motions. Code is available at https://disco-dance.github.io/.

Zhenghao Pan, Haijin Zeng, Jiezhang Cao, Kai Zhang, Yongyong Chen

This paper endeavors to advance the precision of snapshot compressive imaging (SCI) reconstruction for multispectral image (MSI). To achieve this we integrate the advantageous attributes of established SCI techniques and an image generative model propose a novel structured zero-shot diffusion model dubbed DiffSCI. DiffSCI leverages the structural insights from the deep prior and optimization-based methodologies complemented by the generative capabilities offered by the contemporary denoising diffusion model. Specifically firstly we employ a pre-trained diffusion model which has been trained on a substantial corpus of RGB images as the generative denoiser within the Plug-and-Play framework for the first time. This integration allows for the successful completion of SCI reconstruction especially in the case that current methods struggle to address effectively. Secondly we systematically account for spectral band correlations and introduce a robust methodology to mitigate wavelength mismatch thus enabling seamless adaptation of the RGB diffusion model to MSIs.Thirdly an accelerated algorithm is implemented to expedite the resolution of the data subproblem. This augmentation not only accelerates the convergence rate but also elevates the quality of the reconstruction process.We present extensive testing to show that DiffSCI exhibits discernible performance enhancements over prevailing self-supervised and zero-shot approaches surpassing even supervised transformer counterparts across both simulated and real datasets. Code is at https://github.com/PAN083/DiffSCI.

Geunhyeok Yu, Hyoseok Hwang

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have become pivotal in various fields especially in computer vision outperforming previous methodologies. A critical challenge in their deployment is the bias inherent in data across different domains such as image style and environmental conditions leading to domain gaps. This necessitates techniques for learning general representations from biased training data known as domain generalization. This paper presents Attend to eXpert Prompts (A2XP) a novel approach for domain generalization that preserves the privacy and integrity of the network architecture. A2XP consists of two phases: Expert Adaptation and Domain Generalization. In the first phase prompts for each source domain are optimized to guide the model towards the optimal direction. In the second phase two embedder networks are trained to effectively amalgamate these expert prompts aiming for an optimal output. Our extensive experiments demonstrate that A2XP achieves state-of-the-art results over existing non-private domain generalization methods. The experimental results validate that the proposed approach not only tackles the domain generalization challenge in DNNs but also offers a privacy-preserving efficient solution to the broader field of computer vision.

Yan Huang, Zhang Zhang, Qiang Wu, Yi Zhong, Liang Wang

In various domains such as surveillance and smart retail pedestrian retrieval centering on person re-identification (Re-ID) plays a pivotal role. Existing Re-ID methodologies often overlook subtle internal attribute variations which are crucial for accurately identifying individuals with changing appearances. In response our paper introduces the Attribute-Guided Pedestrian Retrieval (AGPR) task focusing on integrating specified attributes with query images to refine retrieval results. Although there has been progress in attribute-driven image retrieval there remains a notable gap in effectively blending robust Re-ID models with intra-class attribute variations. To bridge this gap we present the Attribute-Guided Transformer-based Pedestrian Retrieval (ATPR) framework. ATPR adeptly merges global ID recognition with local attribute learning ensuring a cohesive linkage between the two. Furthermore to effectively handle the complexity of attribute interconnectivity ATPR organizes attributes into distinct groups and applies both inter-group correlation and intra-group decorrelation regularizations. Our extensive experiments on a newly established benchmark using the RAP dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of ATPR within the AGPR paradigm.

Chanyoung Kim, Woojung Han, Dayun Ju, Seong Jae Hwang

Semantic segmentation has innately relied on extensive pixel-level annotated data leading to the emergence of unsupervised methodologies. Among them leveraging self-supervised Vision Transformers for unsupervised semantic segmentation (USS) has been making steady progress with expressive deep features. Yet for semantically segmenting images with complex objects a predominant challenge remains: the lack of explicit object-level semantic encoding in patch-level features. This technical limitation often leads to inadequate segmentation of complex objects with diverse structures. To address this gap we present a novel approach EAGLE which emphasizes object-centric representation learning for unsupervised semantic segmentation. Specifically we introduce EiCue a spectral technique providing semantic and structural cues through an eigenbasis derived from the semantic similarity matrix of deep image features and color affinity from an image. Further by incorporating our object-centric contrastive loss with EiCue we guide our model to learn object-level representations with intra- and inter-image object-feature consistency thereby enhancing semantic accuracy. Extensive experiments on COCO-Stuff Cityscapes and Potsdam-3 datasets demonstrate the state-of-the-art USS results of EAGLE with accurate and consistent semantic segmentation across complex scenes.

Lisa Mais, Peter Hirsch, Claire Managan, Ramya Kandarpa, Josef Lorenz Rumberger, Annika Reinke, Lena Maier-Hein, Gudrun Ihrke, Dagmar Kainmueller

Instance segmentation of neurons in volumetric light microscopy images of nervous systems enables groundbreaking research in neuroscience by facilitating joint functional and morphological analyses of neural circuits at cellular resolution. Yet said multi-neuron light microscopy data exhibits extremely challenging properties for the task of instance segmentation: Individual neurons have long-ranging thin filamentous and widely branching morphologies multiple neurons are tightly inter-weaved and partial volume effects uneven illumination and noise inherent to light microscopy severely impede local disentangling as well as long-range tracing of individual neurons. These properties reflect a current key challenge in machine learning research namely to effectively capture long-range dependencies in the data. While respective methodological research is buzzing to date methods are typically benchmarked on synthetic datasets. To address this gap we release the FlyLight Instance Segmentation Benchmark (FISBe) dataset the first publicly available multi-neuron light microscopy dataset with pixel-wise annotations. In addition we define a set of instance segmentation metrics for benchmarking that we designed to be meaningful with regard to downstream analyses. Lastly we provide three baselines to kick off a competition that we envision to both advance the field of machine learning regarding methodology for capturing long-range data dependencies and facilitate scientific discovery in basic neuroscience.

Hyunjik Kim, Matthias Bauer, Lucas Theis, Jonathan Richard Schwarz, Emilien Dupont

Most neural compression models are trained on large datasets of images or videos in order to generalize to unseen data. Such generalization typically requires large and expressive architectures with a high decoding complexity. Here we introduce C3 a neural compression method with strong rate-distortion (RD) performance that instead overfits a small model to each image or video separately. The resulting decoding complexity of C3 can be an order of magnitude lower than neural baselines with similar RD performance. C3 builds on COOL-CHIC [Ladune et al 2023] and makes several simple and effective improvements for images. We further develop new methodology to apply C3 to videos. On the CLIC2020 image benchmark we match the RD performance of VTM the reference implementation of the H.266 codec with less than3k MACs/pixel for decoding. On the UVG video benchmark we match the RD performance of the Video Compression Transformer [Mentzer er al 2022] a well-established neural video codec with less than 5k MACs/pixel for decoding.

Mingqi Jiang, Saeed Khorram, Li Fuxin

In order to gain insights about the decision-making of different visual recognition backbones we propose two methodologies sub-explanation counting and cross-testing that systematically applies deep explanation algorithms on a dataset-wide basis and compares the statistics generated from the amount and nature of the explanations. These methodologies reveal the difference among networks in terms of two properties called compositionality and disjunctivism. Transformers and ConvNeXt are found to be more compositional in the sense that they jointly consider multiple parts of the image in building their decisions whereas traditional CNNs and distilled transformers are less compositional and more disjunctive which means that they use multiple diverse but smaller set of parts to achieve a confident prediction. Through further experiments we pinpointed the choice of normalization to be especially important in the compositionality of a model in that batch normalization leads to less compositionality while group and layer normalization lead to more. Finally we also analyze the features shared by different backbones and plot a landscape of different models based on their feature-use similarity.

Jingyang Xiang, Siqi Li, Junhao Chen, Zhuangzhi Chen, Tianxin Huang, Linpeng Peng, Yong Liu

N:M sparsity has received increasing attention due to its remarkable performance and latency trade-off compared with structured and unstructured sparsity. However existing N:M sparsity methods do not differentiate the relative importance of weights among blocks and leave important weights underappreciated. Besides they directly apply N:M sparsity to the whole network which will cause severe information loss. Thus they are still sub-optimal. In this paper we propose an efficient and effective Multi-Axis Query methodology dubbed as MaxQ to rectify these problems. During the training MaxQ employs a dynamic approach to generate soft N:M masks considering the weight importance across multiple axes. This method enhances the weights with more importance and ensures more effective updates. Meanwhile a sparsity strategy that gradually increases the percentage of N:M weight blocks is applied which allows the network to heal from the pruning-induced damage progressively. During the runtime the N:M soft masks can be precomputed as constants and folded into weights without causing any distortion to the sparse pattern and incurring additional computational overhead. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that MaxQ achieves consistent improvements across diverse CNN architectures in various computer vision tasks including image classification object detection and instance segmentation. For ResNet50 with 1:16 sparse pattern MaxQ can achieve 74.6% top-1 accuracy on ImageNet and improve by over 2.8% over the state-of-the-art. Codes and checkpoints are available at https://github.com/JingyangXiang/MaxQ.

Chaoqin Huang, Aofan Jiang, Jinghao Feng, Ya Zhang, Xinchao Wang, Yanfeng Wang

Recent advancements in large-scale visual-language pre-trained models have led to significant progress in zero-/few-shot anomaly detection within natural image domains. However the substantial domain divergence between natural and medical images limits the effectiveness of these methodologies in medical anomaly detection. This paper introduces a novel lightweight multi-level adaptation and comparison framework to repurpose the CLIP model for medical anomaly detection. Our approach integrates multiple residual adapters into the pre-trained visual encoder enabling a stepwise enhancement of visual features across different levels. This multi-level adaptation is guided by multi-level pixel-wise visual-language feature alignment loss functions which recalibrate the model's focus from object semantics in natural imagery to anomaly identification in medical images. The adapted features exhibit improved generalization across various medical data types even in zero-shot scenarios where the model encounters unseen medical modalities and anatomical regions during training. Our experiments on medical anomaly detection benchmarks demonstrate that our method significantly surpasses current state-of-the-art models with an average AUC improvement of 6.24% and 7.33% for anomaly classification 2.03% and 2.37% for anomaly segmentation under the zero-shot and few-shot settings respectively. Source code is available at: https://github.com/MediaBrain-SJTU/MVFA-AD

Pengyang Ling, Lin Chen, Pan Zhang, Huaian Chen, Yi Jin, Jinjin Zheng

To serve the intricate and varied demands of image editing precise and flexible manipulation in image content is indispensable. Recently Drag-based editing methods have gained impressive performance. However these methods predominantly center on point dragging resulting in two noteworthy drawbacks namely "miss tracking" where difficulties arise in accurately tracking the predetermined handle points and "ambiguous tracking" where tracked points are potentially positioned in wrong regions that closely resemble the handle points. To address the above issues we propose FreeDrag a feature dragging methodology designed to free the burden on point tracking. The FreeDrag incorporates two key designs i.e. template feature via adaptive updating and line search with backtracking the former improves the stability against drastic content change by elaborately controlling the feature updating scale after each dragging while the latter alleviates the misguidance from similar points by actively restricting the search area in a line. These two technologies together contribute to a more stable semantic dragging with higher efficiency. Comprehensive experimental results substantiate that our approach significantly outperforms pre-existing methodologies offering reliable point-based editing even in various complex scenarios.