论文检索

Yunpeng Fang, Yimu Sun, Jingxing Guo, Huisi Wu, Jing Qin

Automatic and accurate echocardiography video segmentation is essential for efficient and repeatable measurements of key clinical functional indicators for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. However, it is an extremely challenging task to obtain high-quality segmentation results throughout the cardiac cycle owing to (1) the inherent speckle noise in echocardiography videos, (2) the complex dynamic motions of cardiac structures, and (3) the scarcity of annotated data. To comprehensively address these challenges, we propose a novel semi-supervised model, EchoForge, which can achieve accurate and real-time echocardiography video segmentation with very limited annotations. EchoForge introduces an Anchor Semantic Awareness (ASA) module that refines ambiguous regions using learnable anchors and propagates structural prototypes across frames to enhance boundary delineation and temporal consistency. Building upon ASA, a Continuous Pseudo-label Reforging (CPR) module progressively integrates and refines pseudo-labels via channel-wise attention, providing robust supervision. Extensive experiments on the CAMUS and EchoNet-Dynamic benchmarks demonstrate that EchoForge outperforms state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods in accuracy while maintaining real-time efficiency. The code is available at https://github.com/YunPeng-Fang/EchoForge.

Mayur Deshmukh, Hiroyasu Akada, Helge Rhodin, Christian Theobalt, Vladislav Golyanik

Event cameras offer multiple advantages in monocular egocentric 3D human pose estimation from head-mounted devices, such as millisecond temporal resolution, high dynamic range, and negligible motion blur. Existing methods effectively leverage these properties, but suffer from low 3D estimation accuracy, insufficient in many applications (e.g., immersive VR/AR). This is due to the design not being fully tailored towards event streams (e.g., their asynchronous and continuous nature), leading to high sensitivity to self-occlusions and temporal jitter in the estimates. This paper rethinks the setting and introduces E-3DPSM, an event-driven continuous pose state machine for event-based egocentric 3D human pose estimation. E-3DPSM aligns continuous human motion with fine-grained event dynamics; it evolves latent states and predicts continuous changes in 3D joint positions associated with observed events, which are fused with direct 3D human pose predictions, leading to stable and drift-free final 3D pose reconstructions. E-3DPSM runs in real-time at 80 Hz on a single workstation and sets a new state of the art in experiments on two benchmarks, improving accuracy by up to 19% (MPJPE) and temporal stability by up to 2.7x.

Yuqi Lin, Hao Zhang, Wenqi Shao, Shiqu Liu, Zhihong Gu, Wenxiao Wang, Xiaofei He, Kaipeng Zhang

Current semantic segmentation models are very data-hungry and require massive costly pixel-wise human annotations. Generative data augmentation, which scales the train set using generative models, provides a potential remedy. In this paper, we propose MatchMask, a novel mask-centric generative data augmentation approach tailored for label-scarce semantic segmentation. By leveraging a limited set of labeled semantic masks, MatchMask generates diverse, realistic, and well-aligned image-mask pairs, thereby enhancing the performance of semantic segmentation models. Specifically, to adapt existing text-to-image models for semantic image synthesis in the few-shot setting, we first propose a Gradient Probe Method to investigate the role of each layer in the diffusion model. On this basis, a lightweight LoRA-style adapter is designed for critical layers to enable efficient adaptation, coupled with a Layer-adaptive Cross-attention Fusion mechanism. Meanwhile, we present a robust relative filtering principle to suppress incorrectly synthesized regions. Moreover, the proposed approach is extended to MatchMask++ in the semi-supervised setting to take advantage of additional unlabeled data. Experimental results on PASCAL VOC, COCO and ADE20K demonstrate that MatchMask remarkably enhances the performance of segmentation models, surpassing prior data augmentation techniques in various benchmarks, e.g., 67.5%->74.3% mIoU on PASCAL VOC.

Yiheng Yu, Sheng Liu, Yuan Feng, Zhelun Jin, Yining Jiang, Min Xu

Sign Language Production (SLP) aims to translate spoken language into sign sequences, where the main challenge lies in generating coherent and natural poses from discrete glosses (G2P). Existing G2P methods typically treat each pose as an indivisible unit, limiting their ability to capture fine-grained joint-level dependencies and thus degrading pose quality. To address this, we propose the Focal-General Diffusion Model (FGDM), characterized by a pioneering two-stage denoising framework that harmonizes local joint-level dependencies and global coherence. Specifically, in the Focal stage, a novel Adaptive Sign GCN (ASGCN) adaptively models each pose based on contextual correlations, skeletal topology, and semantic conditions, ensuring precise generation of local details. In the General stage, a Transformer-based module refines the entire pose sequence to enhance global coherence and naturalness. Moreover, we introduce a Semantic Consistent Guidance (SCG) mechanism that seamlessly integrates semantic supervision into diffusion training, enforcing tighter alignment between generated pose sequences and their intended gloss semantics. Extensive experiments on PHOENIX14T and USTC-CSL demonstrate that FGDM achieves SOTA performance. Our project page is available at https://yuyiheng-eu.github.io/fgdm/.

Huabin Wang, Xinyu Chen, Yuan Zhou, Fei Liu

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) can be used for the early diagnosis of various brain disorders. However, the annotation of PET scans requires the involvement of specialized nuclear medicine experts, making accurately annotated PET data extremely scarce. MRI-based cross-modal domain adaptation methods can improve the brain disorder classification accuracy with sparsely labeled PET data. However, existing methods fail to balance the core requirements of domain discrepancy elimination and modality-specific discriminative information retention in cross-modal tasks. Forced alignment often undermines the core pathological discriminative features of both modalities, making it difficult to meet the collaborative optimization demands of cross-modal brain disorder classification. To address this, we propose a Dual-Stream feature Disentanglement and Alignment (DSDA) framework designed for collaborative optimization of cross-modal domain adaptation and brain disorder classification. This framework first dynamically evaluates and explicitly decouples the critical brain regions relevant to the classification task from the non-critical regions that preserve brain structural integrity. It then applies differential processing to the two types of brain regions: topology-weighted feature alignment for non-critical regions and high-confidence feature fusion for critical regions. This differential processing ensures that the model effectively aligns features while preserving key discriminative information. Extensive experimental results on various datasets (e.g., ADNI, AIBL, and PPMI) demonstrate the effectiveness of DSDA which helps achieve the state-of-the-art performance.

Runqi Lin, Alasdair Paren, Suqin Yuan, Muyang Li, Philip Torr, Adel Bibi, Tongliang Liu

The integration of new modalities enhances the capabilities of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) but also introduces additional vulnerabilities. In particular, simple visual jailbreaking attacks can manipulate open-source MLLMs more readily than sophisticated textual attacks. However, these underdeveloped attacks exhibit extremely limited cross-model transferability, failing to reliably identify vulnerabilities in closed-source MLLMs. In this work, we analyse the loss landscape of these jailbreaking attacks and find that the generated attacks tend to reside in high-sharpness regions, whose effectiveness is highly sensitive to even minor parameter changes during transfer. To further explain the high-sharpness localisations, we analyse their feature representations in both the intermediate layers and the spectral domain, revealing an improper reliance on narrow layer representations and semantically poor frequency components. Building on this, we propose a Feature Over-Reliance CorrEction (FORCE) method, which guides the attack to explore broader feasible regions across layer features and rescales the influence of frequency features according to their semantic content. By eliminating non-generalizable reliance on both layer and spectral features, our method discovers flattened feasible regions for visual jailbreaking attacks, thereby improving cross-model transferability. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach effectively facilitates visual red-teaming evaluations against closed-source MLLMs.

Seung hee Choi, MinJu Jeon, Hyunwoo Oh, Jihwan Lee, Dong-Jin Kim

Existing retrieval-augmented approaches for Dense Video Captioning (DVC) often fail to achieve accurate temporal segmentation aligned with true event boundaries, as they rely on heuristic strategies that overlook ground truth event boundaries.The proposed framework, STaRC, overcomes this limitation by supervising frame-level saliency through a highlight detection module. Note that the highlight detection module is trained on binary labels derived directly from DVC ground truth annotations without the need for additional annotation.We also propose to utilize the saliency scoresas a unified temporal signal that drives retrieval via saliency-guided segmentation and informs caption generation through explicit Saliency Prompts injected into the decoder.By enforcing saliency-constrained segmentation, our method produces temporally coherent segments that align closely with actual event transitions, leading to more accurate retrieval and contextually grounded caption generation. We conduct comprehensive evaluations on the YouCook2 and ViTT benchmarks, where STaRC achieves state-of-the-art performance across most of the metrics.

Zengyan Wang, Sirshapan Mitra, Rajat Modi, Hui Lim, Yogesh Rawat

In this work, we propose the problem of localizing cameras and producing renders of a scene, given multiple images captured from ground/aerial/satellite viewpoints. We introduce a dataset called Sky2Ground, which contains synthetic/real images across all 3 viewpoints, along with camera parameters, and dense depth-maps/surface-normals. Recent works have shown that transformer-based nets like VGGT are capable of inferring scene-parameters in a single-forward pass. However, we formally reveal that simply fine-tuning such models reduces performance, and can't be solved simply by bruteforce-scaling. We find the culprit to be satellite images, which inject too much noise during the learning process. Therefore, we propose SkyNet to enable learning using satellite-images. SkyNet is a two-stream neural-net, with one stream explicitly processing satellite, and another processing all modalities together.We propose a restricted-attention mechanism, termed as `Masked-Satellite-Attention' which prevents ground/aerial images from interacting with satellite images. Further, our SkyNet is optimized with strategies inspired from curriculum-learning: sampling cameras which are far-away from each other during training. Extensive experiments on our Sky2Earth dataset reveal that SkyNet outperforms existing methods by 23% in terms of absolute performance. Our dataset, and code shall be made publicly available on huggingface.

Tze Ho Elden Tse, Jizong Peng, Angela Yao

Learning-based structure-from-motion methods such as ACE-Zero have demonstrated strong performance in estimating camera poses and scene coordinates from unordered image collections without requiring ground truth supervision. However, the lack of global and multi-view consistency constraints in ACE-Zero can lead to pose drift and misalignment, particularly in complex or ambiguous scenes. In this work, we propose a hybrid framework that integrates pose graph optimization (PGO) into ACE-Zero to refine camera poses and suppress incorrect refinements. We construct pose graphs directly from ACE-Zero outputs by extracting relative pose constraints from predicted scene coordinates. Furthermore, we introduce an uncertainty-aware optimization strategy by estimating confidence scores using geometric priors, including epipolar and optical flow consistencies across views. Our approach improves the robustness and accuracy of pose estimation, demonstrating that global geometric reasoning can effectively complement learning-based inference in structure-from-motion.

Yating Xu, Yunqi Miao, Evangelos Ververas, Jiankang Deng, Jifei Song

Motion transfer from the driving to the source portrait remains a key challenge in the portrait animation. Current diffusion-based approaches condition only on the driving motion, which fails to capture source-to-driving correspondences and consequently yields suboptimal motion transfer. Although flow estimation provides an alternative, predicting dense correspondences from 2D input is ill-posed and often yields inaccurate animation. We address this problem by introducing 3D flows, a learning-free and geometry-driven motion correspondence directly computed from parametric 3D head models. To integrate this 3D prior into diffusion model, we introduce 3D flow encoding to query potential 3D flows for each target pixel to indicate its displacement back to the source location. To obtain 3D flows aligned with 2D motion changes, we further propose depth-guided sampling to accurately locate the corresponding 3D points for each pixel. Beyond high-fidelity portrait animation, our model further supports user-specified editing of facial expression and head pose. Extensive experiments demonstrate the superiority of our method on consistent driving motion transfer as well as faithful source identity preservation.

Antonia Wüst, Wolfgang Stammer, Hikaru Shindo, Lukas Helff, Devendra Singh Dhami, Kristian Kersting

Vision-Language models (VLMs) achieve strong performance on multimodal tasks but often fail at systematic visual reasoning, especially in inductive reasoning problems. Neuro-symbolic methods promise to address this by inducing interpretable logical programs from images, though they usually rely on rigid, domain-specific perception modules for this. We propose Vision-Language Programs (VLP), which combine the perceptual flexibility of VLMs with the systematic reasoning of symbolic program synthesis. Rather than embedding reasoning inside the VLM, VLP leverages the model to produce structured visual descriptions that are compiled into neuro-symbolic programs. The resulting programs execute directly on images, remain consistent with task constraints, and provide human-interpretable explanations that enable easy shortcut mitigation. Our experiments across synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate that VLPs outperform both direct and structured prompting of VLMs, particularly on tasks that require complex logical reasoning.

Yuze Li, Dong Gong, Xiao Cao, Junchao Yuan, Dongsheng Li, Lei Zhou, Yun Sing Koh, Cheng Yan, Xinyu Zhang

Motion transfer has emerged as a promising direction for controllable video generation, yet existing methods largely focus on single-object scenarios and struggle when multiple objects require distinct motion patterns. In this work, we present FlexiMMT, the first implicit image-to-video (I2V) motion transfer framework that explicitly enables multi-object, multi-motion transfer. Given a static multi-object image and multiple reference videos, FlexiMMT independently extracts motion representations and accurately assigns them to different objects, supporting flexible recombination and arbitrary motion-to-object mappings. To address the core challenge of cross-object motion entanglement, we introduce a Motion Decoupled Mask Attention Mechanism that uses object-specific masks to constrain attention, ensuring that motion and text tokens only influence their designated regions. We further propose a Differentiated Mask Propagation Mechanism that derives object-specific masks directly from diffusion attention and progressively propagates them across frames efficiently. Extensive experiments demonstrate that FlexiMMT achieves precise, compositional, and state-of-the-art performance in I2V-based multi-object multi-motion transfer. Our project page is: https://ethan- li123.github.io/FlexiMMT_page/

Jiawei Yu, Zijian Gao, Xingxing Zhang, Xuan Liu, Huaimin Wang, Kele Xu

Continual Generalized Category Discovery (C-GCD) seeks to incrementally discover new categories from unlabeled data and memorize old categories' knowledge, fostering model adaptability in real-world scenarios. Especially, the unlabeled data is from both old and new classes, requiring the model to recognize previously learned classes while discovering. In response, recent efforts focus on devising specific frameworks and various anti-forgetting strategies, striving for a typical stability-plasticity trade-off. Unlike previous studies, in this work, we first revisit these methods and identify that most of these methods over-protect old classes, hampering the accurate discovery of novel ones. To address this challenge, we introduce the Decouple Your Discovery and Memory (DYDM), a dual-branch architecture that decouples the discovery of new classes and the memorization of old classes. The discovery branch is focused on accurately recognizing new classes, while the memory branch consolidates all identified categories in a recursive manner and functions as the inference branch. Importantly, benefiting from the strong knowledge retention ability of the memory branch, the discovery branch can facilitate the recognition of novel classes from the unlabeled data, achieving a win-win outcome between plasticity and stability. Extensive experiments on various datasets and settings demonstrate the superiority of our approach, achieving leads of up to 9.87%, 7.30%, 3.18%, and 8.25%. Furthermore, our framework can integrate with existing approaches, consistently enhancing their performance.

Sudong Cai, Shuai Yuan, Bingzhi Chen, Rui Mao, Bing Wang

Self-attention with separate pre- and post-projections can be a universal approximator (on compact domains) under mild conditions. Yet we observe a striking gap: an attention-only Transformer (w/o FFN layers) exhibits a marked accuracy drop relative to its standard interleaved attention--FFN baseline. We term this the weak-independence challenge of attention. We study this through a new conceptual lens, Selection-as-Nonlinearity (SaN), which interprets effective nonlinearity as directed, cost-constrained selection, offering a coherent account of attention as context-gated activation. In this joint game-decision view, attention performs a resource-constrained cooperative allocation over values: each query distributes a unit-mass weight budget over shared values to optimize representational utility, under a normalizer (e.g., \mathrm softmax ), and guided by context-derived scores (e.g., q-k similarities). SaN interprets weak-independence as a structural tension: the value weights almost cannot simultaneously attain the decoupled per-query (row-wise) and the per-value (column-wise) optimums under shared budgets, thereby limiting attention's stand-alone capacity. Guided by SaN, we introduce CSaN, an interpretable, efficient attention compensation paradigm with two key insights: 1) hierarchical budget calibration, re-allocate row budgets via inter-query correction signals; and 2) public-private cooperation, enhancing the public attention pathway with a per-token private value pathway to decouple conflicting demands. CSaN is evaluated on various vision benchmarks and demonstrates remarkable gains across popular Transformer families (Swin, ViT, Hiera), enabling models to rival much heavier same-family counterparts ~2xas large.

Weijun Zhuang, Yuqing Huang, Weikang Meng, Xin Li, Ming Liu, Xiaopeng Hong, Yaowei Wang, Wangmeng Zuo

Large-scale video-language pretraining enables strong generalization across multimodal tasks but often incurs prohibitive computational costs. Although recent advances in masked visual modeling help mitigate this issue, they still suffer from two fundamental limitations: severe visual information loss under high masking ratios and temporal information leakage caused by inter-frame correlations. To address these challenges, we propose ClusterSTM, a Cluster-Wise Spatio-Temporal Masking strategy for efficient video-language pretraining. ClusterSTM first performs intra-frame clustering to partition visual tokens into multiple semantically independent clusters, then conducts cluster-wise masking by retaining the token with the highest temporal density within each cluster. Our masking strategy ensure that the retained tokens capture holistic video content while exhibit strong temporal correlation. Additionally, we introduce a video-text relevance reconstruction objective that aligns high-level multimodal semantics beyond conventional visual reconstruction. Extensive experiments across multiple benchmarks demonstrate that ClusterSTM achieves superior performance on video-text retrieval, video question answering, and video captioning tasks, establishing a new state-of-the-art among efficient video-language models.

Yiming Wu, Chenghao Chen, Changkun Wu, Chong Fu, Biru Zhu, Zhenyu Wen, Zhen Hong

Deep learning models are well known to be susceptible to backdoor attacks, and text-to-image generation models are no exception. When a specific trigger is embedded in the input, a backdoored model can be manipulated to perform attacker-defined malicious behaviors, such as generating harmful or inappropriate images. Existing backdoor attacks on text-to-image generation models are largely limited to dirty-label attacks, where misaligned image-caption pairs are injected into the training data. While effective in controlled settings, such methods are often easily detectable, limiting their practicality in realistic applications. To address this limitation, we propose the first clean-label backdoor attack for text-to-image generative models, which preserves semantic consistency within poisoned image-caption pairs to evade detection. We design a dual-modality manipulation strategy that injects nearly imperceptible noise into images while embedding a composite semantic text trigger. The text trigger combines synonym substitution and syntactic restructuring, enabling stealthy yet effective backdoor implantation without compromising the visual-textual alignment. Experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves high attack success while effectively preserving model utility and evading mainstream defenses, including commercial content filters.

Zixuan Wang, Ziqin Zhou, Feng Chen, Duo Peng, Yixin Hu, Changsheng Li, Yinjie Lei

Compositional video generation aims to synthesize multiple instances with diverse appearance and motion. However, current approaches mainly focus on binding semantics, neglecting to understand diverse motion categories specified in prompts. In this paper, we propose a motion factorization framework that decomposes complex motion into three primary categories: motionlessness, rigid motion, and non-rigid motion. Specifically, our framework follows a planning before generation paradigm. (1) During planning, we reason about motion laws on the motion graph to obtain frame-wise changes in the shape and position of each instance. This alleviates semantic ambiguities in the user prompt by organizing it into a structured representation of instances and their interactions. (2) During generation, we modulate the synthesis of distinct motion categories in a disentangled manner. Conditioned on the motion cues, guidance branches stabilize appearance in motionless regions, preserve rigid-body geometry, and regularize local non-rigid deformations. Crucially, our two modules are model-agnostic, which can be seamlessly incorporated into various diffusion model architectures. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our framework achieves impressive performance in motion synthesis on real-world benchmarks. Code is available at https://github.com/ZixuanWang0525/MF-CVG.

Taci Ata Kucukpinar, Juan Mogollon, Joshua Fraser, Timothy Duff, Kannappan Palaniappan

We revisit the problem of estimating the fundamental matrix of a pair of perspective cameras, a cornerstone of geometric computer vision. As is well-known, linear solvers require at least 8 point correspondences, whereas nonlinear minimal solvers require just 7 in the uncalibrated case or 5 in the calibrated case. In this paper, we consider a special case of the 7-point problem where 5 of the points are configured to lie on two lines, which has previously been shown to have a unique solution. As a theoretical contribution, we offer a completely elementary analysis of how this uniqueness manifests in the standard 7-point algorithm. On a practical level, we provide the first linear solver for the minimal problem associated to this special configuration. Additionally, we evaluate a heuristic 5-point fundamental matrix solver based on the construction of virtual midpoints. When combined with early non-minimal fitting, the runtime and accuracy of our solver is competitive with the state-of-the-art (SOTA) on multiple benchmarks. Code is available at https://github.com/CIVA-Lab/v-umlaut.

Qingyan Bai, Qiuyu Wang, Hao Ouyang, Yue Yu, Hanlin Wang, Wen Wang, Ka Leong Cheng, Shuailei Ma, Yanhong Zeng, Zichen Liu 等

Instruction-based video editing promises to democratize content creation, yet its progress is severely hampered by the scarcity of large-scale, high-quality training data. We introduce Ditto, a holistic framework designed to tackle this fundamental challenge. At its heart, Ditto features a novel data generation pipeline that fuses the creative diversity of a leading image editor with an in-context video generator, overcoming the limited scope of existing models. To make this process viable, our framework resolves the prohibitive cost-quality trade-off by employing an efficient, distilled model architecture augmented by a temporal enhancer, which simultaneously reduces computational overhead and improves temporal coherence. Finally, to achieve full scalability, this entire pipeline is driven by an intelligent agent that crafts diverse instructions and rigorously filters the output, ensuring quality control at scale. Using this framework, we invested over 12,000 GPU-days to build Ditto-1M, a new dataset of one million high-fidelity video editing examples. We trained our model, Editto, on Ditto-1M with a curriculum learning strategy. The results demonstrate superior instruction-following ability and establish a new state-of-the-art in instruction-based video editing.

Yufeng Cheng, Wenxu Wu, Shaojin Wu, Mengqi Huang, Fei Ding, Qian He

Recent advancements in image customization exhibit a wide range of application prospects due to stronger customization capabilities. However, since we humans are more sensitive to faces, a significant challenge remains in preserving consistent identity while avoiding identity confusion with multi-reference images, limiting the identity scalability of customization models. To address this, we present UMO, a Unified Multi-identity Optimization framework, designed to maintain high-fidelity identity preservation and alleviate identity confusion with scalability. With multi-to-multi matching paradigm, UMO reformulates multi-identity generation as a global assignment optimization problem and unleashes multi-identity consistency for existing image customization methods generally. To facilitate the training of UMO, we develop a customization dataset with multi-reference images, consisting of both synthesised and real parts. Additionally, we propose a new metric to measure identity confusion. Extensive experiments demonstrate that UMO not only improves identity consistency significantly, but also reduces identity confusion on several image customization methods, setting a new state-of-the-art among open-source methods along the dimension of identity preserving. Code and model: https://github.com/bytedance/UMO.